Galapagos


Selection favours memes that exploit their cultural environment to their own advantage.  This cultural environment consists of other memes which are also being selected.  The meme pool therefore comes to have the attributes of an evolutionarily stable set, which new memes find it hard to invade.

An island can be defined from the perspective of a species as a space that presents no barriers to the propagation of the species. So from the perspective of a fish, a lake is an island, to the various species of finches on the Galapagos, islands are islands. A mountain top, oasis, valley or the whims of pedigree dog breeders are also islands. And as Dawkins points, out Darwin early on recognized the importance of islands in the process of rise of new specious.

Steven Johnson, the author of the NYT article, Rethinking a Gospel of the Web, uses the word “ecosystem” three times.  Mr. Johnson is on to something.  I do think that Steve Jobs thought long and hard about the ecosystem into which he was releasing his iPhone. He looked at a world of the Web dominated by the likes of  Microsoft, Adobe, and Google, and he thought to himself, “If I open up my beloved iPhone to this world, my new species of applications will never get a chance to gain a toehold. They will get swamped by a hoard of voracious and promiscuous invaders (think rabbits and australia). I will build them an island, and there they will prosper.”

And prosper they did.  According to Mr Johnson, more than 150,000 apps have been created in less than two years. And as the app store ecosystem prospers, it is selecting other memes for replication: location awareness, mobility, socially-relevant, media-rich, collaboration-enabled. On his island, Steve Jobs is building an evolutionary stable set.

When will he open the app store? When his ecosystem is  impervious to invasion from foreign memes.

3 Comments to “Galapagos”

  1. How about the success of Microsoft over the last 20 years? The ultimate CLOSED platform run by a CLOSED company. It is really the openness of the network/internet that have been the driver for the technology transformation over the last 20 years. And this was achieved by opening and standardizing the CHANNELS and protocols of communication between systems (HTTP, TCP/IP, etc). And Microsoft (and now Apple) has proven that a closed development platform can flourish as long as it is “open” to communicate with other platforms. Eg. an IPhone Google App, IPhone Facebook, etc are all “closed” apps using “open” channels of communication to integrate with the rest of the internet eco-system. Akin to the fact that a “closed” island lives in the middle of an “open” ocean which is the ultimate source of the rain that provides the necessary support for it’s life forms to flourish.

  2. Interesting. Agree. I know Steven Johnson (cousin of a good HBS friend) and heard him speak in March in NYC at the NexTargeting Summit. Here are my notes from his session:
    o Ideas require networks with stimuli, serendipity, openness, free flow of ideas, etc.
    o Twitter is model for how innovation happens on open platforms.
    o Twitter sacrificed control and business model for openness and ubiquity.
    o Today’s networks are like rainforests that are growing and taking control.
    o Paid search tied to real-time search results will be first revenue model for Twitter (I also predicted this in my blog).
    o The paradox of high school sports = if you child is on team, you care A LOT, but others CARE LITTLE.

    Why have others (Google, Twitter, WikiPedia, etc.) been so successful with open models?

    • Great question. If we look at from the perspective of the application developer (not the provider of application development tools)…the app store is the ultimate open environment. The rules are clear, everyone has access to the same tool set, sales and marketing platform, payment/remittance functions, and same democratic and “fair” ranking system. And everyone can leverage the advantage of developing for one tightly controlled hardware platform.

      Tens of thousands of apps have been released into the ecosystem. The best apps will replicate on the most devices. Others, through disuse, will eventually die.

      The system is only “closed” from the perspective of competing development tool sets, sales and marketing platforms, etc. Ultimately, time will tell if simplicity and standardization using the closed tools platform will offset the loss of stimuli from an open network.

      My guess..simplicity wins for at least the next three to five years.

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